Chapter 2 | 🚀 Class 12 Geography Made Easy! | India – People and Economy | Quick Revision Notes for MP Board & CBSE”

 

🚀 Class 12 Geography: Quick Revision Notes (EXAM 2026)

📘 Book: India – People and Economy | 📍 Chapter 2: Human Settlements

🧠 Quick Revision Notes

1️⃣ Human Settlement

An area of permanent residency established by humans.

➡️ Settlements are centers of human's economic, social, and cultural activities.

2️⃣ Types of Human Settlements

• **(A) Rural Settlements:** Based on primary activities like agriculture, animal husbandry.
• **(B) Urban Settlements:** Based on industry, trade, and services (non-agricultural activities).

✨ Types of Rural Settlements (Most Important)

🔹 1. Compact / Nucleated Settlement

• Houses are close together.
• Characteristic: Plain and fertile areas.
• Example: Plains of North India (Ganga Plain).

🔹 2. Dispersed Settlement (Prakiirn Basti)

• Houses are far apart.
• Characteristic: Hilly and desert regions, forests.
• Example: Himalayas, Meghalaya, Thar Desert.

🔹 3. Linear Settlement (Raikhik Basti)

• Develops along roads, rivers, or railway lines.
• Shape: Elongated (in a straight line).

4️⃣ Factors Affecting Settlement Development

Topography, Water availability, Climate, Soil, Social and Economic factors.

6️⃣ Classification of Urban Settlements (Based on Population)

Category	Population
Town (Nagar)	Less than 1 Lakh
City (Shehar)	1 – 10 Lakh
Metropolitan City (Mahanagar)	More than 10 Lakh
Mega City	More than 50 Lakh

7️⃣ Urbanization

The transfer of rural population towards urban areas (rural to urban migration).

🔹 Causes of Urbanization: Industrialization, Employment opportunities, Education and Health facilities.

8️⃣ Urban Problems (Repeated PYQ)

Housing shortage / crisis, Slums (Jhuggi-Jhopri), Pollution (air, water, noise), Traffic congestion, Water and Electricity scarcity.

9️⃣ Urban Hierarchy

Classification of towns based on size and function.

➡️ Village → Town → City → Metropolitan City → Mega City

⭐ Golden One-Liners (Direct Exam Use)

• Rural settlements are based on agriculture.
• Urban settlements are centers of economic development.
• Linear settlements develop along transport routes.
• A Mega City has a population of more than 50 Lakh.

✍️ Exam Hack (2026)

• Definition + 2 points = Full marks.
• Compare Rural and Urban settlements in a table.
• Must give examples.
• Remember the population categories.

📝 20 Important MCQs (With Answers)

1️⃣ Human settlement refers to—

B. Permanent human dwelling

✅ Answer: B

2️⃣ Rural settlements are mainly based on—

C. Agriculture

✅ Answer: C

3️⃣ Houses being close together is a characteristic of which type of settlement?

C. Compact

✅ Answer: C

4️⃣ Dispersed settlements are generally found in—

C. Hilly regions

✅ Answer: C

5️⃣ The settlement developed along a road, river, or rail is called—

D. Linear

✅ Answer: D

6️⃣ Which of the following factors does NOT affect the development of settlements?

D. Planetary motion

✅ Answer: D

7️⃣ Urban settlements are mainly based on—

D. Non-agricultural activities

✅ Answer: D

8️⃣ A city with a population of more than 10 Lakh is called a—

C. Metropolitan City

✅ Answer: C

9️⃣ A city with a population of more than 50 Lakh is called a—

B. Mega City

✅ Answer: B

🔟 Urbanization means—

C. Transfer of population from rural to urban areas

✅ Answer: C

1️⃣1️⃣ The main reason for urbanization is—

B. Industrialization

✅ Answer: B

1️⃣2️⃣ Which of the following is an urban problem?

C. Slums

✅ Answer: C

1️⃣3️⃣ The correct order of Urban Hierarchy is—

C. Village → Town → City → Metropolitan City

✅ Answer: C

1️⃣4️⃣ Population density in rural settlements is—

C. Low

✅ Answer: C

1️⃣5️⃣ The main economic activity in urban settlements is—

C. Industry and Services

✅ Answer: C

1️⃣6️⃣ Which of the following is NOT a type of rural settlement?

D. Mega City

✅ Answer: D

1️⃣7️⃣ The classification of settlements based on size and function is called—

B. Urban Hierarchy

✅ Answer: B

1️⃣8️⃣ Human settlements are indicators of what?

B. Economic and social activities

✅ Answer: B

1️⃣9️⃣ In India, rural settlements are mostly found in—

C. Plains

✅ Answer: C

2️⃣0️⃣ Which of the following is a result of urbanization?

A. Pollution

✅ Answer: A

  © 2025 MPSelectionPoint | All Rights Reserved