Chapter 6 | 🚀 Class 12 Geography Made Easy! | India – People and Economy | Quick Revision Notes for MP Board & CBSE”

 

📘 Class 12 Geography

Planning and Sustainable Development in the Indian Context

⭐ Exam 2026 Orientation ⭐

Comprehensive Revision Notes & MCQs

🧠 Quick Revision Notes

1. Introduction to Planning

Planning is a process involving the scientific and rational use of available resources to set economic and social development goals.

• Economic growth
• Reducing regional disparities
• Social justice
• Eradication of poverty and unemployment

2. History of Planning in India

• Planning Commission (1950): Established to oversee Five-Year Plans. Replaced in 2015.
• NITI Aayog (Jan 1, 2015): National Institution for Transforming India. Focuses on "Cooperative Federalism."

3. Five-Year Plans (FYPs)

India implemented 12 Five-Year Plans between 1951 and 2017. The system was discontinued after the 12th Plan (2012–17).

4. Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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• Environmental Protection: Conserving nature.
• Economic Growth: Eradicating poverty.
• Social Equity: Ensuring equality for all.

5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Adopted by the UN in 2015, consisting of 17 Global Goals to be achieved by 2030.

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🔥 Top 20 MCQs (English)

Q1. In which year did planning start in India?

A. 1947

B. 1950

C. 1951

D. 1955

Ans. C

Q2. What was the main focus of the First Five-Year Plan?

A. Industry

B. Service Sector

C. Agriculture and Irrigation

D. Exports

Ans. C

Q3. When was the Planning Commission established?

A. 1947

B. 1950

C. 1951

D. 1961

Ans. B

Q4. When was NITI Aayog established?

A. 2012

B. 2014

C. 2015

D. 2016

Ans. C

Q5. What is the full form of NITI Aayog?

A. National Institute of Technical India

B. National Institution for Transforming India

C. National Investment for Trade in India

D. New Initiative for Transforming India

Ans. B

Q6. How many total Five-Year Plans were implemented in India?

A. 10

B. 11

C. 12

D. 13

Ans. C

Q7. In which year were Five-Year Plans discontinued in India?

A. 2012

B. 2014

C. 2015

D. 2017

Ans. D

Q8. What is the main cause of regional imbalance?

A. Population growth

B. Unequal distribution of resources

C. High education

D. Urbanization

Ans. B

Q9. Sustainable development is related to which of the following?

A. Only economic growth

B. Only environmental protection

C. Needs of both present and future

D. Only industrialization

Ans. C

Q10. How many main pillars are there in sustainable development?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Ans. B

Q11. Which of the following is NOT a pillar of sustainable development?

A. Economic development

B. Social equality

C. Environmental protection

D. Industrial expansion

Ans. D

Q12. In which year were the SDGs declared?

A. 2010

B. 2012

C. 2015

D. 2020

Ans. C

Q13. What is the total number of SDGs?

A. 15

B. 16

C. 17

D. 18

Ans. C

Q14. The Human Development Index (HDI) is related to—

A. Only income

B. Only education

C. Measuring standard of living

D. Industrial production

Ans. C

Q15. Which is NOT a component of HDI?

A. Life expectancy

B. Education level

C. Per capita income

D. Population density

Ans. D

Q16. According to HDI, India falls under which category?

A. Low

B. Medium

C. High

D. Very High

Ans. B

Q17. What is the objective of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)?

A. Industrial development

B. Environmental protection

C. Taxation

D. Urban planning

Ans. B

Q18. Swachh Bharat Mission is related to—

A. Education

B. Health

C. Sanitation

D. Industry

Ans. C

Q19. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

A. Coal

B. Petroleum

C. Solar energy

D. Natural gas

Ans. C

Q20. What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

A. Rapid industrialization

B. Maximum profit

C. Resource conservation

D. Balance between present and future

Ans. D

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