Chapter 9 | 🚀 Class 12 Geography Made Easy! | India – People and Economy | Quick Revision Notes for MP Board & CBSE”

MPSelectionPoint December 17, 2025

Geography Class 12 Chapter 9 Notes - English

📘 Class 12th Geography | Chapter 9

Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

🔹 1. Quick Revision Notes (Detailed)

This chapter examines the major geographical, social, and environmental problems arising from modern development in India.

Population Explosion

Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population.

Causes: High birth rate, illiteracy, poverty, traditional mindset.
Effects: Unemployment, heavy pressure on resources, housing and food crisis.

Poverty and Unemployment

Poverty is the inability to meet minimum life requirements, which is directly linked to unemployment.

Types of Unemployment: Open, Seasonal (in agriculture), and Disguised unemployment.
Impact: Social unrest and decline in standard of living.

Environment and Urbanization

Urbanization has led to the rise of slums and various forms of pollution.

Pollution: Air (from vehicles), Water (from waste), Soil (from chemicals), and Noise.
Deforestation: Caused by agricultural expansion and urbanization, leading to climate change.

🔹 2. One Page Ultra-Revision Notes

Key Points to Remember:

Population Explosion = Rapid growth (Cause: Illiteracy).
Poverty = Lack of basic necessities.
Regional Imbalance = Unequal distribution of resources (Result: Migration).
Urbanization Problems = Slums, pollution, housing crisis.
Rural Problems = Dependence on agriculture, low income.
Sustainable Development = Present development + Resource conservation for the future.
Natural Disasters = Floods, droughts, earthquakes (Impact on economy).

⭐ Board Mantra: Use headings and bullet points in your answers!

🔹 3. Important 20 MCQs (Questions & Answers)

Q1. What is meant by population explosion? Answer: C. Rapid growth in population Q2. What is the major cause of population explosion in India? Answer: C. High birth rate Q3. Which of the following is a major cause of poverty? Answer: C. Unemployment Q4. Which type of unemployment is found in agricultural areas? Answer: B. Seasonal unemployment Q5. Disguised unemployment is generally found in which sector? Answer: C. Agriculture Q6. What is the main cause of regional imbalance? Answer: B. Unequal distribution of resources Q7. Which of the following is NOT a problem of urbanization? Answer: D. High agricultural production Q8. What is a major problem of rural areas? Answer: C. Dependence on agriculture Q9. What is the main cause of air pollution? Answer: B. Smoke from vehicles Q10. What is most affected by water pollution? Answer: C. Human health Q11. What is the major cause of soil pollution? Answer: B. Chemical fertilizers Q12. What is a major consequence of deforestation? Answer: B. Soil erosion Q13. What problem arises from over-exploitation of resources? Answer: B. Energy crisis Q14. Which of the following is a renewable resource? Answer: C. Solar energy Q15. Which of the following is NOT a natural disaster? Answer: D. Industrialization Q16. In which areas do cyclones occur most frequently? Answer: C. Coastal areas Q17. What is the true meaning of sustainable development? Answer: C. Balance between development and environment Q18. Environmental pollution has the greatest impact on? Answer: B. Human health Q19. Urbanization leads to an increase in? Answer: C. Pollution Q20. Securing resources for future generations is called? Answer: C. Sustainable development