1. Summary in English
2. Summary in Hindi
3. Analysis in English
4. Analysis in hindi
5. 20 MCQs Questions and Answers
1.📘 The Last Lesson – Summary (English)
Writer: Alphonse Daudet
Theme: Loss of language, patriotism, regret, identity.
Summary:
“The Last Lesson” is set in Alsace, a region taken over by Prussia after the Franco-Prussian War. The story is narrated by Franz, a young schoolboy who is usually careless about studies. One day he arrives late to class but is surprised to see an unusually calm atmosphere. Their teacher, M. Hamel, announces that this will be their last French lesson because the new German authorities have banned the teaching of French in schools from the next day.
The news shocks everyone. Franz suddenly feels guilty for not learning his mother tongue. M. Hamel speaks with deep emotion about the beauty of the French language and says that people never value things until they lose them. Even the villagers attend the class to express their respect for their language and teacher.
At the end of the lesson, M. Hamel becomes overwhelmed. He writes on the blackboard:
“Vive La France!” (Long live France)
He then dismisses the class, marking the painful end of an era.
2. 🇮🇳 Summary in Hindi (हिन्दी में सारांश)
लेखक: अल्फॉन्स दॉडे
मुख्य विचार: मातृभाषा का महत्व, देशप्रेम, खोने के बाद मूल्य समझना।
सारांश:
“द लास्ट लेसन” की कहानी अलसास क्षेत्र में घटित होती है, जिसे फ्रांस ने युद्ध में हारकर प्रशिया को खो दिया था। कहानी का कथावाचक फ्रांज नाम का एक छात्र है जो पढ़ाई में लापरवाह रहता है। एक दिन वह देर से स्कूल पहुँचता है और देखता है कि वातावरण असामान्य रूप से शांत है। उसके शिक्षक एम. हैमेल बताते हैं कि आज उनकी फ्रेंच भाषा की अंतिम कक्षा है क्योंकि नई जर्मन सरकार ने अगले दिन से फ्रेंच पढ़ाने पर रोक लगा दी है।
यह सुनकर फ्रांज को गहरा पछतावा होता है कि उसने अपनी मातृभाषा कभी मन से नहीं सीखी। एम. हैमेल भावुक होकर कहते हैं कि फ्रेंच दुनिया की सबसे सुंदर भाषा है और लोग किसी चीज़ का मूल्य तभी समझते हैं जब वह उनसे छीनी जाती है। गाँव के लोग भी अंतिम कक्षा में शामिल होते हैं, जिससे उनकी भाषा और शिक्षक के प्रति सम्मान झलकता है।
अंत में एम. हैमेल ब्लैकबोर्ड पर लिखते हैं:
“Vive La France!” (फ्रांस अमर रहे!)
और बिना कुछ कहे कक्षा समाप्त कर देते हैं। यह मातृभाषा और स्वतंत्रता के खोने का दर्द दर्शाता है।
3. 📝 Analysis (English)
1. Themes
- Loss of Language: The story shows how language is closely linked with identity and freedom.
- Patriotism: The villagers attending the last lesson reflect their love for France.
- Regret & Realisation: Franz’s sudden desire to learn French shows that we value things only after losing them.
- Oppression: Forcing a foreign language symbolizes political dominance and cultural suppression.
2. Character Analysis
- Franz – Represents innocent youth, becomes aware of the value of education and language.
- M. Hamel – Symbol of dedication, patriotism, and cultural pride. His emotional farewell highlights devotion to teaching.
- Villagers – Represent community awakening and respect for their heritage.
3. Narrative Style
Simple, emotional, through the eyes of a young boy — making the loss personal and relatable.
4. 📝 विश्लेषण (Hindi Analysis)
1. प्रमुख विषय
- भाषा का महत्व: भाषा हमारी पहचान और संस्कृति की नींव है।
- देशभक्ति: अंतिम कक्षा में गाँव वालों की उपस्थिति देशप्रेम का प्रतीक है।
- पछतावा: फ्रांज की भावना बताती है कि खोने के बाद ही मूल्य समझ आता है।
- दमन: भाषा पर रोक किसी राष्ट्र की संस्कृति और स्वतंत्रता पर हमला है।
2. चरित्र विश्लेषण
- फ्रांज – बचपन की मासूमियत से सीखता है कि पढ़ाई और भाषा का कितना महत्व है।
- एम. हैमेल – समर्पित शिक्षक, देशभक्त, अपनी मातृभाषा से गहरा प्रेम।
- गाँव वाले – अपनी संस्कृति के प्रति जागरूक सामूहिक भावना।
✅ 20 MCQs on The Last Lesson (with Answers)
1. Who is the author of “The Last Lesson”?
a) Guy de Maupassant
b) Alphonse Daudet
c) Victor Hugo
d) Charles Dickens
Answer: b) Alphonse Daudet
2. Who is the narrator of the story?
a) M. Hamel
b) Wachter
c) Franz
d) Prussian officer
Answer: c) Franz
3. Which region is the story set in?
a) Normandy
b) Brittany
c) Alsace
d) Paris
Answer: c) Alsace
4. Why was Franz afraid of going to school that day?
a) He had not completed homework
b) He had not prepared the lesson on participles
c) He feared punishment
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
5. What surprising thing did Franz notice in the classroom?
a) Students were shouting
b) Everything was quiet and serious
c) The teacher was absent
d) New students were present
Answer: b) Everything was quiet and serious
6. What announcement did M. Hamel make?
a) School will be closed
b) Exam will be held tomorrow
c) It is the last French lesson
d) A new teacher will come
Answer: c) It is the last French lesson
7. Why was it the last French lesson?
a) M. Hamel was retiring
b) School was shifting
c) Prussians banned teaching French
d) Students protested
Answer: c) Prussians banned teaching French
8. Who ordered that French would no longer be taught?
a) French government
b) Village mayor
c) Berlin authorities
d) Local soldiers
Answer: c) Berlin authorities
9. What did M. Hamel wear on the last lesson?
a) Black coat
b) Red jacket
c) Green robe
d) His special Sunday clothes
Answer: d) His special Sunday clothes
10. Why did villagers come to attend the class?
a) To protest
b) To show respect to the teacher and French language
c) To take books
d) To help students
Answer: b) To show respect to the teacher and French language
11. What was Franz’s attitude toward French before this day?
a) He loved it
b) He ignored it
c) He was brilliant in it
d) He taught others
Answer: b) He ignored it
12. According to M. Hamel, what is the most beautiful language in the world?
a) German
b) English
c) French
d) Spanish
Answer: c) French
13. What does the story highlight the importance of?
a) Discipline
b) Money
c) Patriotism and language
d) Sports
Answer: c) Patriotism and language
14. What feeling dominated Franz after hearing the news?
a) Joy
b) Anger
c) Regret and sadness
d) Indifference
Answer: c) Regret and sadness
15. Who sat at the back of the class?
a) New students
b) Villagers and old Hauser
c) German soldiers
d) Government officials
Answer: b) Villagers and old Hauser
16. What did M. Hamel blame the people of Alsace for?
a) Laziness
b) Not valuing their own language
c) Fighting among themselves
d) Supporting Germans
Answer: b) Not valuing their own language
17. What did M. Hamel write on the blackboard at the end?
a) “Study hard”
b) “Goodbye students”
c) “Long live Germany”
d) “Vive La France!”
Answer: d) “Vive La France!”
18. How old is M. Hamel’s service in the school?
a) 10 years
b) 20 years
c) 30 years
d) 40 years
Answer: d) 40 years
19. What did Franz think of the grammar lesson on that day?
a) Boring
b) Difficult
c) Very easy and clear
d) He ignored it
Answer: c) Very easy and clear
20. What is the central message of the story?
a) Punishment is necessary
b) Schools should be strict
c) Mother tongue is precious and must be preserved
d) Foreign languages are superior
Answer: c) Mother tongue is precious and must be preserved
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