Class 10 Science - 2026 Board Prep
High-Scoring One-Liner Questions (Q1 - Q250)
🔥 Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Q1. What is a chemical reaction?
Ans. The process in which the chemical properties of substances are changed is called a chemical reaction.
Q2. What does a chemical equation represent?
Ans. It represents the reactants and products involved in a reaction.
Q3. On which law is a balanced chemical equation based?
Ans. Law of Conservation of Mass.
Q4. What is oxidation?
Ans. Addition of oxygen or loss of electrons.
Q5. What is reduction?
Ans. Removal of oxygen or gain of electrons.
Q6. What type of reaction is rusting?
Ans. Oxidation reaction.
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Q7. What is an exothermic reaction?
Ans. A reaction in which heat is released.
Q8. What is an endothermic reaction?
Ans. A reaction in which heat is absorbed.
Q9. What is a combination reaction?
Ans. A reaction where two or more substances combine to form a single new substance.
Q10. What is a decomposition reaction?
Ans. A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more substances.
Q11. What is a displacement reaction?
Ans. A reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element.
Q12. Give an example of a double displacement reaction.
Ans. AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
Q13. What is corrosion?
Ans. The gradual destruction of metals by the action of air and moisture.
Q14. Which metal is primarily affected by rusting?
Ans. Iron.
Q15. What is rancidity?
Ans. The spoilage of fats and oils due to oxidation.
Q16. State one way to prevent rancidity.
Ans. Using antioxidants.
Q17. What are reactants?
Ans. Substances that take part in a chemical reaction.
Q18. What are products?
Ans. Substances formed after the chemical reaction.
Q19. What is a precipitate?
Ans. An insoluble solid substance formed in a solution.
Q20. Which metal forms a red oxide?
Ans. Copper.
🔥 Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
Q21. What are acids?
Ans. Substances that release H⁺ ions in aqueous solution.
Q22. What are bases?
Ans. Substances that release OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.
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Q23. What is a salt?
Ans. A compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.
Q24. Which acid is present in lemon?
Ans. Citric acid.
Q25. Which acid is present in vinegar?
Ans. Acetic acid.
Q26. What is the chemical name of baking soda?
Ans. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃).
Q27. What is the formula for washing soda?
Ans. Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
Q28. What is the range of the pH scale?
Ans. From 0 to 14.
Q29. What is the pH of a neutral substance?
Ans. 7
Q30. What causes acidity in the stomach?
Ans. Excess production of HCl.
Q31. Which medicine is given for acidity?
Ans. Antacid.
Q32. At what pH does tooth decay start?
Ans. Below 5.5.
Q33. What is the formula for bleaching powder?
Ans. CaOCl₂
Q34. Where is bleaching powder used?
Ans. In water purification.
Q35. What is the formula for Plaster of Paris?
Ans. CaSO₄·½H₂O
Q36. How is Plaster of Paris made?
Ans. By heating gypsum.
Q37. What is the pH of acid rain?
Ans. Less than 5.6.
Q38. Name a salt that is basic in nature.
Ans. Sodium carbonate.
Q39. What is the common name of Sodium Chloride?
Ans. Common salt.
Q40. What is known as 'Eating Soda'?
Ans. Baking soda.
🔥 Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
Q41. What is a metal?
Ans. A substance that is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Q42. What is a non-metal?
Ans. A substance that is generally a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
Q43. Which is the lightest metal?
Ans. Lithium.
Q44. Which is the most reactive metal?
Ans. Potassium.
Q45. What is the ductility of metals?
Ans. The ability to be drawn into thin wires.
Q46. What is malleability?
Ans. The ability to be beaten into thin sheets.
Q47. In which state is mercury found at room temperature?
Ans. Liquid state.
Q48. Give examples of non-metals.
Ans. Oxygen, Sulphur.
Q49. What is corrosion of metals?
Ans. The deterioration of a metal.
Q50. What is an ore?
Ans. A mineral from which a metal can be extracted profitably.
Q51. Who has a higher melting point, metals or non-metals?
Ans. Metals.
Q52. Where is electrolysis used?
Ans. In metal extraction.
Q53. Which is the ore of Aluminium?
Ans. Bauxite.
Q54. Why does iron rust?
Ans. Due to oxidation in the presence of moisture.
Q55. What is an alloy?
Ans. A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals (or a metal and non-metal).
Q56. Steel is an alloy of which elements?
Ans. Iron and Carbon.
Q57. In which reactivity category is Gold?
Ans. Least reactive.
Q58. Which non-metal is a conductor of electricity?
Ans. Graphite.
Q59. Why are metals lustrous (shiny)?
Ans. Due to the presence of free electrons.
Q60. In which reactivity group is Zinc?
Ans. Moderately reactive.
🔥 Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds
Q61. What is the atomic number of Carbon?
Ans. 6
Q62. How many bonds does Carbon form?
Ans. Four (Tetravalent).
Q63. What is a covalent bond?
Ans. A bond formed by the sharing of electrons.
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Q64. Diamond is an allotrope of which element?
Ans. Carbon.
Q65. Graphite is an allotrope of which element?
Ans. Carbon.
Q66. What are hydrocarbons?
Ans. Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen.
Q67. Give an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
Ans. Ethane.
Q68. Give an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Ans. Ethene.
Q69. What is the formula for Ethanol?
Ans. C₂H₅OH
Q70. Where is Ethanol used?
Ans. In fuels and medicines.
Q71. What is the common name of Ethanoic acid?
Ans. Acetic acid (Vinegar).
Q72. What are soaps made of?
Ans. Fats and alkalis.
Q73. What are detergents?
Ans. Synthetic cleaning agents.
Q74. What is the property of carbon to form long chains called?
Ans. Catenation.
Q75. Coal is a source of which element?
Ans. Carbon.
Q76. What is Petroleum commonly called?
Ans. Black Gold.
Q77. What is the functional group of Alcohol?
Ans. –OH
Q78. What is the functional group of Carboxylic acid?
Ans. –COOH
Q79. Why are soaps basic in nature?
Ans. Because they are salts of strong bases and weak fatty acids.
Q80. Why is the number of Carbon compounds so large?
Ans. Due to catenation and tetravalency.
Class 10 Science 2026
Biology Master List: Q81 - Q160
Chapter 5: Life Processes
Q81. What is the process of obtaining energy in organisms called?
Ans. Nutrition.
Q82. What is the process of making food in green plants?
Ans. Photosynthesis.
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Q83. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis?
Ans. Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Q84. Oxygen is a byproduct of which substance in photosynthesis?
Ans. Decomposition of Water (H₂O).
Q85. Through what does gas exchange occur in leaves?
Ans. Stomata.
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Q86. What is the main organ for respiration in humans?
Ans. Lungs.
Q87. What is the basic functional unit of respiration in lungs?
Ans. Alveoli.
Q88. Where does Amylase enzyme act during digestion?
Ans. Mouth (Buccal Cavity).
Q89. Which acid is found in the stomach?
Ans. Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Q90. Where does the absorption of digested food take place?
Ans. Small Intestine.
Q91. In which organ does blood filtration/purification occur?
Ans. Kidneys.
Q92. Which tissue transports water in plants?
Ans. Xylem.
Q93. Which tissue transports food in plants?
Ans. Phloem.
Q94. How many chambers are there in a human heart?
Ans. Four.
Q95. Who carries oxygen in the blood?
Ans. Haemoglobin.
Q96. What is the main purpose of excretion?
Ans. To remove waste products from the body.
Q97. In what form does excretion occur in plants?
Ans. Gases, Resins, and Gums.
Q98. What is called the 'Energy Currency' of the cell?
Ans. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
Q99. How much energy is produced in anaerobic respiration?
Ans. Very small amount.
Q100. What type of blood circulation is found in humans?
Ans. Double circulation.
Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
Q101. What is the main function of control and coordination?
Ans. Regulation of body activities.
Q102. What is the structural unit of the nervous system?
Ans. Neuron.
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Q103. Who controls reflex actions?
Ans. Spinal Cord.
Q104. How many main parts does the brain have?
Ans. Three (Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain).
Q105. Which part of the brain controls balance and posture?
Ans. Cerebellum.
Q106. Thinking is related to which part of the brain?
Ans. Cerebrum.
Q107. By what are hormones secreted?
Ans. Endocrine glands.
Q108. Which gland secretes the Growth Hormone?
Ans. Pituitary gland.
Q109. From which gland is insulin secreted?
Ans. Pancreas.
Q110. Diabetes is caused by the deficiency of which hormone?
Ans. Insulin.
Q111. What is the function of Thyroxine hormone?
Ans. Regulation of metabolism.
Q112. Name a growth hormone in plants.
Ans. Auxin.
Q113. In which plant does the drooping of leaves occur on touch?
Ans. Mimosa pudica (Touch-me-not).
Q114. In which neuron is nerve impulse speed fastest?
Ans. Myelinated neuron.
Q115. Which hormone is known as the 'Emergency Hormone'?
Ans. Adrenaline.
Q116. What are plant hormones called?
Ans. Phytohormones.
Q117. Who controls voluntary actions?
Ans. Cerebrum.
Q118. Where is the spinal cord located?
Ans. Inside the vertebral column.
Q119. What is the process between stimulus and response called?
Ans. Coordination.
Q120. Chemical coordination occurs through which substances?
Ans. Hormones.
Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce?
Q121. What is the creation of new individuals from existing ones called?
Ans. Reproduction.
Q122. Reproduction involving a single parent is called?
Ans. Asexual reproduction.
Q123. What is the method of reproduction in Amoeba?
Ans. Binary fission.
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Q124. How does reproduction occur in Yeast?
Ans. Budding.
Q125. Which is the reproductive organ in flowering plants?
Ans. Flower.
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Q126. Where are pollen grains produced?
Ans. Anther.
Q127. What does the ovule become after fertilization?
Ans. Seed.
Q128. Where does fertilization take place in humans?
Ans. Fallopian tube.
Q129. What is a Zygote?
Ans. Fusion of male and female gametes.
Q130. What is the gestation period in humans?
Ans. Approximately 9 months.
Q131. Name the male reproductive hormone.
Ans. Testosterone.
Q132. Name the female reproductive hormone.
Ans. Oestrogen.
Q133. Why is seed dispersal necessary?
Ans. To reduce competition.
Q134. What is the function of the Placenta?
Ans. Exchange of nutrition and gases.
Q135. What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction?
Ans. Creating variations.
Q136. Where does the embryo develop?
Ans. Uterus.
Q137. What is Pollination?
Ans. Transfer of pollen grains to the stigma.
Q138. Where do pollen grains land in self-pollination?
Ans. On the same flower.
Q139. Where are human sperms produced?
Ans. Testes.
Q140. Where are ova (eggs) produced in females?
Ans. Ovary.
Chapter 8: Heredity
Q141. Through what are traits passed from parents to offspring?
Ans. Genes.
Q142. Genes are a part of which molecule?
Ans. DNA.
Q143. What is the structure of DNA?
Ans. Double Helix.
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Q144. Where are chromosomes found?
Ans. Nucleus.
Q145. What is the number of chromosomes in humans?
Ans. 46 (23 pairs).
Q146. What is a trait that expresses itself called?
Ans. Dominant trait.
Q147. What is a trait that remains hidden called?
Ans. Recessive trait.
Q148. Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?
Ans. Gregor Mendel.
Q149. What is the cross of a single trait called?
Ans. Monohybrid cross.
Q150. What is the cross of two traits called?
Ans. Dihybrid cross.
Q151. What is the main cause of variation?
Ans. Sexual reproduction.
Q152. Which chromosomes determine sex?
Ans. X and Y chromosomes.
Q153. What is the sex chromosome combination in females?
Ans. XX.
Q154. What is the sex chromosome combination in males?
Ans. XY.
Q155. What is a sudden change in a gene called?
Ans. Mutation.
Q156. What are inherited traits?
Ans. Traits received from parents.
Q157. What is the study of inheritance of traits called?
Ans. Heredity.
Q158. What does the term 'Hybrid' mean?
Ans. Mixture of two different traits.
Q159. Why is variation less in asexual reproduction?
Ans. Due to lack of gene shuffling/recombination.
Q160. What is the full form of DNA?
Ans. Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Class 10 Science - Master Guide
One-Liner Revision (Q161 - Q250)
📘 Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction
Q161. How many laws of reflection are there?
Ans. There are two laws of reflection.
Q162. What is the relation between angle of incidence and angle of reflection?
Ans. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection.
Q163. What is a concave mirror?
Ans. A mirror curved inwards is called a concave mirror.
Q164. What type of image is formed by a convex mirror?
Ans. Always virtual and erect.
Q165. Define focal length of a mirror.
Ans. The distance between the Pole and the Focus.
Q166. Where is a concave mirror used?
Ans. In vehicle headlights.
Q167. What is refraction of light?
Ans. The bending of light when it changes medium.
Q168. Define refractive index.
Ans. Ratio of speed of light in two different media.
Q169. Which has a higher refractive index than air?
Ans. Glass.
Q170. What type of lens is a convex lens?
Ans. Converging lens.
Q171. What is a concave lens called?
Ans. Diverging lens.
Q172. Describe the real image formed by a convex lens.
Ans. Inverted.
Q173. What is the unit of power of a lens?
Ans. Dioptre.
Q174. On what does the power of a lens depend?
Ans. Focal length.
Q175. What type of image does a concave lens form?
Ans. Always virtual and small.
Q176. What is the cause of refraction?
Ans. Change in the speed of light.
Q177. What is the SI unit of focal length?
Ans. Meter.
Q178. What does the mirror formula represent?
Ans. Relation between object distance, image distance, and focal length.
👁️ Chapter 10: Human Eye and Colorful World
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Q179. What is the main function of the human eye?
Ans. To see objects.
Q180. What type of lens is in the human eye?
Ans. Convex lens.
Q181. What is the light-sensitive screen called?
Ans. Retina.
Q182. How many types of vision defects are there?
Ans. Three.
Q183. What is Near-sightedness called?
Ans. Myopia.
Q184. What is Far-sightedness called?
Ans. Hypermetropia.
Q185. What is the vision defect of old age?
Ans. Presbyopia.
Q186. Which lens corrects Myopia?
Ans. Concave lens.
Q187. Which lens corrects Hypermetropia?
Ans. Convex lens.
Q188. How many colors are in a rainbow?
Ans. Seven.
Q189. How many colors make up white light?
Ans. Seven.
Q190. What is dispersion?
Ans. Splitting of white light into its component colors.
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Q191. Why is a prism used?
Ans. For dispersion of light.
Q192. Why does the sky appear blue?
Ans. Due to scattering of light.
Q193. Why does the sun appear red during sunrise?
Ans. Due to scattering of longer wavelengths.
Q194. Who explained scattering of light?
Ans. Rayleigh.
Q195. Define Power of Accommodation.
Ans. Ability to see objects at various distances clearly.
Q196. Describe the image formed on the retina.
Ans. Real and inverted.
⚡ Chapter 11: Electricity
Q197. What is the SI unit of electric current?
Ans. Ampere.
Q198. Which instrument measures electric current?
Ans. Ammeter.
Q199. What is the unit of potential difference?
Ans. Volt.
Q200. Ohm's law relates which three things?
Ans. Current, Potential Difference, and Resistance.
Q201. What is the unit of resistance?
Ans. Ohm.
Q202. On what factors does resistance depend?
Ans. Length, thickness, and material of the wire.
Q203. What is the unit of electric power?
Ans. Watt.
Q204. What is the commercial unit of electrical energy?
Ans. Kilowatt-hour (kWh).
Q205. Why is an electric fuse used?
Ans. For protection of appliances.
Q206. Define a good conductor.
Ans. One that allows electricity to flow easily.
Q207. What is the direction of current in a circuit?
Ans. In the direction of positive charge.
Q208. How is current in a series circuit?
Ans. Same throughout.
Q209. Benefit of parallel combination?
Ans. Same potential difference across all components.
Q210. What is the filament of a bulb made of?
Ans. Tungsten.
Q211. What does high resistance imply?
Ans. Low current.
Q212. On what effect does an electric heater work?
Ans. Heating effect of current.
Q213. 1 Kilowatt is equal to how many Watts?
Ans. 1000 Watts.
Q214. What energy does a battery provide?
Ans. Electrical energy.
🧲 Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Q215. How many poles does a magnet have?
Ans. Two.
Q216. Force between similar poles?
Ans. Repulsion.
Q217. Force between opposite poles?
Ans. Attraction.
Q218. Working principle of electric motor?
Ans. Magnetic effect of current.
Q219. Fleming's Left-hand rule is related to?
Ans. Motor.
Q220. Fleming's Right-hand rule is related to?
Ans. Generator.
Q221. SI unit of magnetic field?
Ans. Tesla.
Q222. Function of an electric generator?
Ans. Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Q223. Function of an electric motor?
Ans. Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Q224. What is Direct Current (DC)?
Ans. Current that flows in one direction.
Q225. Frequency of AC in India?
Ans. 50 Hz.
Q226. How is an electromagnet made?
Ans. Coil and soft iron core.
Q227. Material of permanent magnets?
Ans. Hard steel.
Q228. Principle of an electric bell?
Ans. Electromagnetism.
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Q229. Nature of magnetic field lines?
Ans. Closed curves.
Q230. Where is magnetic field strongest?
Ans. At the poles.
Q231. Full form of AC?
Ans. Alternating Current.
Q232. Full form of DC?
Ans. Direct Current.
🌱 Chapter 13: Our Environment
Q233. What is an Ecosystem?
Ans. System of living organisms and their environment.
Q234. Who are Producers?
Ans. Green plants.
Q235. How many types of consumers?
Ans. Three (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary).
Q236. Who are Decomposers?
Ans. Bacteria and Fungi.
Q237. First level of a food chain?
Ans. Producers.
Q238. 10% law is related to?
Ans. Energy transfer.
Q239. What is Biodegradable waste?
Ans. Waste that can decompose.
Q240. What is Non-biodegradable waste?
Ans. Waste that does not decompose.
Q241. Function of the Ozone layer?
Ans. Protection from UV rays.
Q242. Define Biodiversity.
Ans. Variety of life forms.
Q243. Direction of energy flow in ecosystem?
Ans. Unidirectional.
Q244. What is Biological Magnification?
Ans. Increase in concentration of toxins.
Q245. What is a Food Web?
Ans. Network of several food chains.
Q246. Why is environmental protection necessary?
Ans. For survival of life.
Q247. Define Biosphere.
Ans. Living part of the Earth.
Q248. Why is ecosystem balance important?
Ans. For stability of life.
Q249. Which gas causes Greenhouse effect?
Ans. CO₂.
Q250. When is Environment Day celebrated?
Ans. June 5th.
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