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Class 12 Geography: World Population Distribution, Density, and Growth
Special Quick Revision Notes for MP BOARD and CBSE BOARD Exam 2026
1. Meaning of Population
The total number of people living in a specific area on Earth at a given time is called population. In Human Geography, the study of population is vital because humans are the ones who use, conserve, and develop resources.
2. World Population Distribution
The pattern in which people are spread across different parts of the world is called population distribution. This distribution is extremely uneven worldwide.
Densely Populated Areas:
1. South and South-East Asia
2. East Asia (China, Japan)
3. Europe
4. North-Eastern USA
1. South and South-East Asia
2. East Asia (China, Japan)
3. Europe
4. North-Eastern USA
Sparsely Populated Areas:
1. Polar Regions (Greenland, Antarctica)
2. Desert Regions (Sahara, Gobi)
3. Dense Forest Regions (Amazon)
4. High Mountainous Regions (Himalayas)
1. Polar Regions (Greenland, Antarctica)
2. Desert Regions (Sahara, Gobi)
3. Dense Forest Regions (Amazon)
4. High Mountainous Regions (Himalayas)
3. Factors Influencing Population Distribution
A. Physical Factors: Climate, Soil Fertility, Availability of Water, Relief.
B. Economic Factors: Agricultural development, Industrialization, Minerals, Transport.
C. Social/Cultural Factors: Education, Health facilities, Religious and Cultural centers.
B. Economic Factors: Agricultural development, Industrialization, Minerals, Transport.
C. Social/Cultural Factors: Education, Health facilities, Religious and Cultural centers.
4. Population Density & Formula
The number of persons living per square kilometer of land area is called population density.
Formula: Population Density = Total Population / Total Land Area
Formula: Population Density = Total Population / Total Land Area
5. Demographic Transition Stages
1. Stage I: High birth and death rates (Primitive society)
2. Stage II: Decline in death rate, high birth rate (Population Explosion)
3. Stage III: Declining birth rate (India's current status)
4. Stage IV: Both birth and death rates are low (Stable population)
2. Stage II: Decline in death rate, high birth rate (Population Explosion)
3. Stage III: Declining birth rate (India's current status)
4. Stage IV: Both birth and death rates are low (Stable population)
50 Important One-Liner Questions & Answers
1. What is the meaning of population?
Answer: The total number of people living in an area at a specific time.
2. What is meant by population distribution?
Answer: The way people are spread over the Earth's surface.
3. How is the distribution of population in the world?
Answer: It is extremely uneven.
4. Which region has the highest population in the world?
Answer: South and South-East Asia.
5. What percentage of the world's population lives in Asia?
Answer: Approximately 60 percent.
6. Which continent is the most sparsely populated?
Answer: Antarctica.
7. Define population density.
Answer: The number of persons living per unit area of land (per sq. km).
8. What is the formula for population density?
Answer: Total Population ÷ Total Area.
9. Which country has the highest population density?
Answer: Bangladesh.
10. Which country has the lowest population density?
Answer: Mongolia.
11. How many main factors affect population distribution?
Answer: Three – Physical, Economic, and Social factors.
12. Which climate is most favorable for population?
Answer: Temperate climate.
13. Why do river valleys attract high populations?
Answer: Due to fertile land and availability of water.
14. Why is population low in desert areas?
Answer: Due to lack of water and fertile land.
15. Why are industrial areas densely populated?
Answer: Due to more employment opportunities.
16. What is meant by population growth?
Answer: The change in the number of inhabitants of a territory during a specific period.
17. What are the main components of population growth?
Answer: Birth rate, Death rate, and Migration.
18. What is the Birth Rate?
Answer: The number of live births per thousand people in a year.
19. What is the Death Rate?
Answer: The number of deaths per thousand people in a year.
20. How is natural population growth calculated?
Answer: Birth Rate – Death Rate.
21. What does actual population growth include?
Answer: Births, deaths, and migration.
22. What is migration?
Answer: Moving from one place to another permanently or temporarily.
23. What is the first stage of population growth?
Answer: High birth rate and high death rate.
24. What is the main feature of the second stage?
Answer: Rapid decline in death rate and high birth rate.
25. What happens to the birth rate in the third stage?
Answer: The birth rate begins to decline.
26. How is population growth in the fourth stage?
Answer: Almost stable.
27. Which stage of population growth is India currently in?
Answer: Third stage.
28. What is a population explosion?
Answer: An extreme increase in population within a short period.
29. What is the main cause of population explosion?
Answer: Rapid decline in the death rate.
30. How do medical facilities affect population?
Answer: They reduce the death rate, leading to population growth.
31. What is the economic impact of population growth?
Answer: Increase in unemployment and poverty.
32. What is the environmental impact of population growth?
Answer: Increased pressure on natural resources.
33. What is the most effective measure for population control?
Answer: Spread of education.
34. How does women's empowerment help in population control?
Answer: It helps in lowering the birth rate.
35. What is the benefit of family planning?
Answer: Controlled population growth.
36. Which is the most populous country in the world (as of 2026)?
Answer: India.
37. Which subject is population study related to?
Answer: Human Geography.
38. Which areas are unsuitable for human settlement?
Answer: Polar and extreme desert regions.
39. How does urbanization affect population density?
Answer: Density increases in urban areas.
40. Why do commercial centers attract people?
Answer: Due to livelihood opportunities.
41. Why is world population study necessary?
Answer: For resource planning and development.
42. Mention one advantage of high population density.
Answer: Availability of labor force.
43. Mention one disadvantage of sparse population.
Answer: Slow pace of development.
44. What is the relationship between population density and standard of living?
Answer: High density can put pressure on the standard of living.
45. Why is population low in mountainous areas?
Answer: Difficult terrain and cold climate.
46. Which continent is the most densely populated?
Answer: Asia.
47. What is the social impact of population growth?
Answer: Pressure on education and health facilities.
48. In which type of economy is population growth higher?
Answer: Agriculture-based economy.
49. Which century is considered a milestone in population study?
Answer: 20th Century.
50. What is the main objective of this chapter?
Answer: To understand the distribution, density, and growth of the world population.
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