Chapter 7 | 🚀 Class 12 Geography Made Easy! | India – People and Economy | Quick Revision Notes for MP Board & CBSE”

 

📘 Class 12 Geography

Chapter 7: Transport and Communication

⭐ Exam 2026 Orientation ⭐

Comprehensive Revision Notes & MCQs

🧠 Quick Revision Notes

1. Transport: An Introduction

Transport is the process of moving goods, people, and services from one place to another. It is considered the backbone of any country's economic and social development.

2. Modes of Transport

• Land Transport: Roads and Railways.
• Water Transport: Inland waterways and Oceanic routes (Cheapest).
• Air Transport: Fastest mode, vital for emergencies.
• Pipelines: Used for liquids and gases like Petroleum and Natural Gas.

3. Key Highlights of Indian Transport

• Roads: Most flexible; connected by projects like the Golden Quadrilateral.
• Railways: Asia's largest network with 18 Zones. Headquarters: New Delhi.
• Waterways: National Waterway-1 (NW-1) on River Ganga (Prayagraj–Haldia). India's coastline is approx 7500 km.
• Airways: Managed by AAI (Airports Authority of India).

4. Communication

Exchange of information, ideas, and messages.

• Personal Communication: Letters, Mobile, Email, Internet.
• Mass Communication: Radio, TV, Newspapers, Social Media.

📌 Exam Super-Hit One-Liners

• Most Flexible – Road Transport
• Cheapest Mode – Water Transport
• Fastest Mode – Air Transport
• Best for Bulk Goods – Rail Transport
• Largest Postal Network – India

🔥 Top 20 MCQs

Q1. What is the main purpose of transport?

A. Increasing production

B. Movement of goods and people

C. Controlling trade

D. Only tourism

Ans. B

Q2. Which is the most accessible mode of transport in India?

A. Railways

B. Waterways

C. Roadways

D. Airways

Ans. C

Q3. Which is the cheapest mode of transport?

A. Road

B. Rail

C. Water

D. Air

Ans. C

Q4. Which is the fastest mode of transport?

A. Rail

B. Road

C. Water

D. Air

Ans. D

Q5. Which mode is most suitable for heavy and bulk goods over long distances?

A. Roadways

B. Railways

C. Airways

D. Personal vehicles

Ans. B

Q6. The Golden Quadrilateral project is related to which transport?

A. Railways

B. Waterways

C. Roadways

D. Airways

Ans. C

Q7. Where is the headquarters of Indian Railways located?

A. Mumbai

B. Kolkata

C. Chennai

D. New Delhi

Ans. D

Q8. What is the total number of Railway Zones in India?

A. 16

B. 17

C. 18

D. 20

Ans. C

Q9. Which of the following is an example of inland water transport?

A. Arabian Sea

B. Bay of Bengal

C. River Ganga

D. Indian Ocean

Ans. C

Q10. On which river is National Waterway-1 (NW-1) situated?

A. Brahmaputra

B. Ganga

C. Godavari

D. Narmada

Ans. B

Q11. What is the approximate length of India's coastline?

A. 5000 km

B. 6000 km

C. 7000 km

D. 7500 km

Ans. D

Q12. Which of the following is a major sea port?

A. Agra

B. Bhopal

C. Chennai

D. Delhi

Ans. C

Q13. Who manages air transport in India?

A. Indian Railways

B. AAI

C. BSNL

D. ISRO

Ans. B

Q14. What does AAI stand for?

A. Airport Authority of India

B. Airports Authority of India

C. Air Authority of India

D. Aviation Authority of India

Ans. B

Q15. Pipelines are used for the transport of—

A. Grains

B. Coal

C. Petroleum and Gas

D. Cement

Ans. C

Q16. The HVJ pipeline is related to—

A. Water supply

B. Natural Gas

C. Petrol

D. Diesel

Ans. B

Q17. What is the main objective of communication?

A. Increasing transport

B. Exchange of information

C. Increasing industry

D. Population control

Ans. B

Q18. Which of the following is NOT a means of mass communication?

A. Radio

B. Television

C. Newspapers

D. Mobile phone

Ans. D

Q19. What is the goal of the Digital India campaign?

A. Agricultural growth

B. Industrialization

C. Promoting digital communication

D. Sanitation

Ans. C

Q20. What is the primary goal of sustainable transport?

A. Faster transport

B. Cheaper transport

C. Environmental protection

D. Private transport

Ans. C

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